QUESTION 1

1. In hazardous materials practice, higher concentrations of air or water are usually expressed as a percentage. Suppose you have 5 liters of a certain water-soluble liquid waste to dispose of. The disposal company can take the waste only if it is diluted with water to 25% by volume. Calculate how much water you need to make a 25% solution.

   		50 liters
   		25 liters
   		20 liters
   		15 liters

QUESTION 2

1. Two 30-gallon steel containers, each filled with ethanol, were found at a fire scene. The temperature difference of the containers from the time when the containers were found is 105°F. What is the expanded volume of each container as a result of the heat? Use the following table (i.e., Table 2.8 in the textbook) for the appropriate volumetric thermal-expansion coefficient?

   Liquid	Volumetric Thermal-Expansion Coefficient
   	??(?F-1)	??(?C-1)
   Acetic acid	0.00059	0.00107
   Acetone	0.0085	0.00153
   Benzene	0.00071	0.00128
   Carbon tetrachloride	0.00069	0.00124
   Diethyl ether	0.00098	0.00176
   Ethanol	0.00062	0.0012
   Gasoline	0.00080	0.00144
   Glycerine	0.00028	0.00051
   Methanol	0.00072	0.00130
   Pentane	0.00093	0.00168
   Toluene	0.00063	0.00113
   Water	0.00012	0.00022

   		64 gal
   		60 gal
   		32 gal
   		30 gal

QUESTION 3

1. Low concentrations of a substance are usually measured/reported in parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb). Which one of the following concentrations of a substance is correct?

   		1 gram of a substance in 5 million grams has a concentration of 2 ppm
   		1 gram of a substance in 5 million grams has a concentration of 5 ppm
   		5 grams of a substance in a million grams has a concentration of 1 ppm
   		5 grams of a substance in a million grams has a concentration of 5 ppm

QUESTION 4

1. A drum of a nonflammable, water-insoluble liquid was identified at a fire scene. A sample of the liquid collected from a drum weighs 1.5 lb. and occupies a volume of 0.15 gal. What is the specific gravity of the liquid?

   		10
   		0.225
   		1.2
   		0.833

QUESTION 5

1. A hazardous material in the liquid form exhibits which property?

   		Definite volume
   		Definite size
   		Definite shape
   		Definite weight

QUESTION 6

1. Heat is defined in the textbook as the form of energy that is transferred from one body to another because of their temperature differences or energy arising from atomic or molecular motion. Select which statement is true regarding heat.

   		Heat is transferred by conduction, radiation, and convection only during a fire.
   		Heat is not manifested when a cube of ice melts.
   		Heat that is generated when a building burns can ignite adjacent structures mainly by conduction.
   		Heat is generated from combustion processes.

QUESTION 7

1. The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) communicates hazard information with the use of pictograms. Select which one of the following statements is true regarding pictograms.

   		Only one pictogram may be displayed on the same container.
   		The “skull-and-crossbones” pictogram indicates the material is corrosive.
   		Transport pictograms have background colors and symbols identical to those used on U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) labels and placards.
   		Pictograms are used only at fixed facilities.

QUESTION 8

1. The standard the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enacted in 1983 that sets minimum requirements to which employers must adhere for communicating information about hazardous chemicals is identified as:

   		NFPA 704.
   		HAZCOM Standard.
   		EPCRA.
   		GHS.

QUESTION 9

1. Substances can undergo physical or chemical changes. Choose which of the following phenomena is not considered a physical change.

   		Chlorine gas liquefies when compressed within a cylinder.
   		Nails rust when exposed to oxygen.
   		Metallic uranium melts at 2066 ºF (1130 ºC).
   		Mixing salt and pepper

QUESTION 10

1. Firefighters responded to a fire within a tank farm; the hazard diamond has a “2” within the red quadrant, a “1” within the blue quadrant, and a “0” within the yellow quadrant. Select the highest hazard that is denoted by the placard.

   		Reactivity
   		Combustibility
   		Flammability
   		Health

QUESTION 11

1. Many countries have now implemented the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), which is formally known as the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemical Substances. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) modified the HAZCOM standard in 2012 to align with the GHS process requirements, including both safety data sheets (SDSs) and warning signs.

   1. Describe the importance of GHS and why all countries should adopt this system.
   2. What is an SDS, and what is its relationship to GHS? With the exception of the chemical identification section, choose at least two sections of the SDS, and discuss why they are important in the management of hazardous materials and in responding to hazardous material incidents. (You may use your experience at home or in the workplace in your discussion, if applicable.)

   Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

QUESTION 12

1. Your company has been audited by a third-party company to determine if hazardous materials could potentially be discharged outside property boundaries. Of most concern in their findings is the storage of concentrated sulfuric acid located approximately 500 feet upstream of a manmade lake. The acid is currently stored in a flat-top cylindrical tank that has an inside diameter of 4 ft and a height of 6 ft. The tank is sitting on a 12-inch rack within a concrete berm that has inside measurements of 10 ft by 10 ft and 12 inches high. Records indicate the tank has a maximum capacity of 500 gallons. In order to respond to the auditors’ findings, your tasks are to address the prompts below.

   1. Show the chemical formula of sulfuric acid, and calculate its molecular weight.
   2. Verify if the volume of the tank on record (500 gal) matches the volume that is calculated from the actual dimensions.
   3. Determine if the concrete berm has enough capacity to hold 110% of the actual (calculated) full-tank capacity. Neglect the space occupied by the tank rack within the berm.

   Show your complete solution to all parts (a through c), and include your explanation. Your response must be at least 200 words in length.